docs: distinguish signal execution and holding times

README.md

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 - `data_adapter` — 桥接 qtdb_pro 长表与新模块（rename / long-wide / 复权 / vwap 代理）
 - `backtest` — weight-based 多日仿真（rebalance_table / compute_nav / compare_to_benchmark）
 - `portfolio_construction` — 多期因子分数 → Top-K → 等权目标权重表
+- `research_pipeline` — 因子日 → 下一真实交易日 → 显式执行价 → 执行审计（防前视编排）
 - `metrics` — 绩效（年化收益 / 波动率 / Sharpe / 最大回撤 / Calmar）
 - `factor_library` — 通用方法（turnover / winsorize / IC / OLS / jb_test）
 - `portfolio_decomp` — 组合分解（risk_parity / mean_variance / 因子归因）
@@ -61,8 +62,8 @@ from quant_engine.alpha_factors import alpha_001, alpha_005, ALPHA158_REGISTRY
 from quant_engine.execution import (
     ExecutionConfig, simulate_multi_day_with_audit, simulate_with_daily_data,
 )
+from quant_engine.research_pipeline import run_factor_execution_research
 from quant_engine.backtest import run_weight_backtest
-from quant_engine.portfolio_construction import scores_to_weight_table
 from quant_engine.indicators import macd, bollinger, kdj
 from quant_engine.data_adapter import (
     long_to_wide, wide_to_long, rename_tushare_columns,
@@ -73,8 +74,9 @@ from quant_engine.data_adapter import (
 
 # 端到端：qtdb_pro 长表 → 适配 → alpha158 → execution
 df = load_qtdb_daily(["000001.SZ"], "2024-01-01", with_adj=True)
-prices, volumes = prepare_execution_inputs(df)
+close_prices, volumes = prepare_execution_inputs(df)
-result = simulate_with_daily_data(prices, initial_cash=1_000_000.0)
+open_prices, _ = prepare_execution_inputs(df, price_col="open")
+result = simulate_with_daily_data(close_prices, initial_cash=1_000_000.0)
 
 # 已正确滞后的目标权重 → 现金约束执行 → 唯一来源的成交/拒绝/日末持仓/NAV
 execution = simulate_multi_day_with_audit(
@@ -92,18 +94,25 @@ execution = simulate_multi_day_with_audit(
 print(execution.nav_series)
 print(execution.daily_executions)
 
-# 多期因子分数 → Top-K 等权组合 → 稳定回测结果
+# 多期因子分数（必须是 point-in-time 数据）→ Top-K → 下一交易日 open 执行
-rebalance_weights = scores_to_weight_table(
+factor_execution = run_factor_execution_research(
     factor_scores,
     top_k=20,
-    gross_exposure=1.0,
+    execution_prices=open_prices,
+    execution_price_field="open",
+    initial_cash=1_000_000.0,
 )
+
+# run_weight_backtest 是低层算子：只接受收益区间开始前已经生效的持仓权重。
+# 不要把 signal-date 的 factor_scores/decision_weights 直接传给它。
 backtest = run_weight_backtest(
-    weights=rebalance_weights,
+    weights=effective_holding_weights,
     stock_returns=daily_returns,
     initial_capital=1_000_000.0,
     benchmark_nav=benchmark_nav,
 )
+print(factor_execution.schedule.signal_to_execution)
+print(factor_execution.execution.daily_executions)
 print(backtest.stats())
 print(backtest.benchmark_report())
 ```

src/quant_engine/backtest.py

@@ -76,8 +76,9 @@ def compute_nav_from_weights(
 ) -> pd.Series:
     """从调仓表（日期 × 股票权重）+ 个股日收益 → 净值曲线。
 
-    假设：在调仓日之间权重不变（**前向填充**）。
+    假设：输入是该收益测量区间开始前已经生效的持仓权重，并在调仓日之间
-    调仓日的权重 = `weights.loc[rebalance_date]`。
+    保持不变（**前向填充**）。本函数不会把信号日自动解释为执行日；因子分数
+    应先经交易日历调度和实际执行时点处理，避免把同一时点未知的收益计入。
 
     Args:
         weights: 调仓日 × 股票代码 的权重 DataFrame（**0~1**，行和 ≤ 1）

src/quant_engine/data_adapter.py

@@ -287,6 +287,8 @@ def prepare_execution_inputs(
     df: pd.DataFrame,
     stock_col: str = "stock_code",
     date_col: str = "trade_date",
+    *,
+    price_col: str = "close",
 ) -> tuple[pd.DataFrame, pd.DataFrame]:
     """长表行情 → execution 输入（prices + volumes 宽表）。
 
@@ -294,10 +296,11 @@ def prepare_execution_inputs(
         df: 长表行情（含 close / volume 列，Tushare rename 后）
         stock_col: 股票代码列名
         date_col: 日期列名
+        price_col: 执行价字段，默认 close；防前视研究可显式选择下一交易日 open
 
     Returns:
         (prices_wide, volumes_wide)：
-        - prices_wide: date × stock_code，值=close
+        - prices_wide: date × stock_code，值=price_col
         - volumes_wide: date × stock_code，值=volume（若无 volume 列则全 1.0）
 
     Examples:
@@ -313,9 +316,9 @@ def prepare_execution_inputs(
     """
     if df.empty:
         return pd.DataFrame(), pd.DataFrame()
-    if "close" not in df.columns:
+    if price_col not in df.columns:
-        raise ValueError(f"prepare_execution_inputs: 缺 close 列，实际列={list(df.columns)}")
+        raise ValueError(f"prepare_execution_inputs: 缺 {price_col} 列，实际列={list(df.columns)}")
-    prices = long_to_wide(df, value_col="close", date_col=date_col, stock_col=stock_col)
+    prices = long_to_wide(df, value_col=price_col, date_col=date_col, stock_col=stock_col)
     if "volume" in df.columns:
         volumes = long_to_wide(df, value_col="volume", date_col=date_col, stock_col=stock_col)
     else:

src/quant_engine/research_pipeline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+"""可信研究链路：因子分数经交易日历滞后后进入执行审计。
+
+本模块只编排现有组合构建与执行组件，不连接账户、券商或实盘订单。
+时间契约借鉴 Qlib 的 prediction/trade time 分离与 Backtrader 的 next-bar
+执行语义：signal_date 上形成的目标权重，默认最早在下一交易时点执行。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+from pandas.api.types import is_numeric_dtype
+
+from quant_engine.execution import (
+    ExecutionConfig,
+    ExecutionSimulationResult,
+    simulate_multi_day_with_audit,
+)
+from quant_engine.portfolio_construction import scores_to_weight_table
+
+__all__ = [
+    "TargetWeightSchedule",
+    "FactorExecutionResult",
+    "schedule_target_weights",
+    "run_factor_execution_research",
+]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True, eq=False)
+class TargetWeightSchedule:
+    """保留决策时间和执行时间的目标权重调度快照。"""
+
+    decision_weights: pd.DataFrame
+    signal_to_execution: pd.Series
+    execution_weights: pd.DataFrame
+    lag_sessions: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True, eq=False)
+class FactorExecutionResult:
+    """因子到执行审计的一次可复现研究结果。"""
+
+    factor_scores: pd.DataFrame
+    execution_prices: pd.DataFrame
+    schedule: TargetWeightSchedule
+    execution_price_field: str
+    execution: ExecutionSimulationResult
+
+
+def _validate_datetime_index(index: pd.Index, name: str) -> pd.DatetimeIndex:
+    if not isinstance(index, pd.DatetimeIndex):
+        raise TypeError(f"{name} must use a DatetimeIndex")
+    if not index.is_unique:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must contain unique sessions")
+    if not index.is_monotonic_increasing:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be in chronological order")
+    return index
+
+
+def _validate_decision_weights(decision_weights: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
+    if not isinstance(decision_weights, pd.DataFrame):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"decision_weights must be a pandas DataFrame, got {type(decision_weights).__name__}"
+        )
+    _validate_datetime_index(decision_weights.index, "decision_weights index")
+    if not decision_weights.columns.is_unique:
+        raise ValueError("decision_weights must contain unique asset labels")
+    if not all(is_numeric_dtype(dtype) for dtype in decision_weights.dtypes):
+        raise TypeError("decision_weights must contain numeric values")
+    values = decision_weights.to_numpy(dtype=float)
+    if not np.isfinite(values).all() or (values < 0).any():
+        raise ValueError("decision_weights must be finite and non-negative")
+    if (decision_weights.sum(axis=1) > 1.0 + 1e-12).any():
+        raise ValueError("decision_weights rows must sum to at most 1.0")
+
+
+def _validate_execution_prices(execution_prices: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DatetimeIndex:
+    if not isinstance(execution_prices, pd.DataFrame):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"execution_prices must be a pandas DataFrame, got {type(execution_prices).__name__}"
+        )
+    calendar = _validate_datetime_index(execution_prices.index, "execution_prices index")
+    if not execution_prices.columns.is_unique:
+        raise ValueError("execution_prices must contain unique asset labels")
+    if not all(is_numeric_dtype(dtype) for dtype in execution_prices.dtypes):
+        raise TypeError("execution_prices must contain numeric values")
+    return calendar
+
+
+def schedule_target_weights(
+    decision_weights: pd.DataFrame,
+    trading_calendar: pd.DatetimeIndex,
+    *,
+    lag_sessions: int = 1,
+) -> TargetWeightSchedule:
+    """将信号日目标权重映射到后续真实交易日，不做整数行盲移位。
+
+    所有信号日必须属于 ``trading_calendar``，且日历必须包含每个信号对应的
+    未来执行日；无法执行的末尾信号会显式失败，避免被静默丢弃。
+    """
+    _validate_decision_weights(decision_weights)
+    calendar = _validate_datetime_index(trading_calendar, "trading_calendar")
+    if isinstance(lag_sessions, bool) or not isinstance(lag_sessions, int) or lag_sessions <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("lag_sessions must be a positive integer")
+
+    decision_snapshot = decision_weights.copy(deep=True)
+    if decision_snapshot.empty:
+        execution_weights = decision_snapshot.copy(deep=True)
+        execution_weights.index = pd.DatetimeIndex([], name="execution_date")
+        mapping = pd.Series(
+            calendar[:0],
+            index=decision_snapshot.index.copy(),
+            name="execution_date",
+        )
+        return TargetWeightSchedule(
+            decision_weights=decision_snapshot,
+            signal_to_execution=mapping,
+            execution_weights=execution_weights,
+            lag_sessions=lag_sessions,
+        )
+
+    signal_positions = calendar.get_indexer(decision_snapshot.index)
+    if (signal_positions < 0).any():
+        missing = decision_snapshot.index[signal_positions < 0]
+        raise ValueError(
+            "signal dates must be trading sessions; missing="
+            + ", ".join(str(date) for date in missing)
+        )
+
+    execution_positions = signal_positions + lag_sessions
+    if (execution_positions >= len(calendar)).any():
+        unavailable = decision_snapshot.index[execution_positions >= len(calendar)]
+        raise ValueError(
+            "trading_calendar lacks a future execution session for signal dates: "
+            + ", ".join(str(date) for date in unavailable)
+        )
+
+    execution_dates = calendar.take(execution_positions)
+    signal_to_execution = pd.Series(
+        execution_dates,
+        index=decision_snapshot.index.copy(),
+        name="execution_date",
+    )
+    execution_weights = decision_snapshot.copy(deep=True)
+    execution_weights.index = pd.DatetimeIndex(execution_dates, name="execution_date")
+    return TargetWeightSchedule(
+        decision_weights=decision_snapshot,
+        signal_to_execution=signal_to_execution,
+        execution_weights=execution_weights,
+        lag_sessions=lag_sessions,
+    )
+
+
+def run_factor_execution_research(
+    factor_scores: pd.DataFrame,
+    execution_prices: pd.DataFrame,
+    *,
+    top_k: int,
+    execution_price_field: str,
+    lag_sessions: int = 1,
+    gross_exposure: float = 1.0,
+    largest: bool = True,
+    initial_cash: float = 1_000_000.0,
+    config: ExecutionConfig | None = None,
+) -> FactorExecutionResult:
+    """运行因子分数 → 目标权重 → 下一交易时点 → 执行审计链路。
+
+    ``execution_prices`` 必须代表实际拟执行时点的价格矩阵，例如日频研究中
+    signal 日收盘生成分数后使用下一交易日 ``open``。价格字段名称被保存在
+    结果元数据中，但函数不会猜测或重写价格语义。
+    """
+    price_field = execution_price_field.strip()
+    if not price_field:
+        raise ValueError("execution_price_field must be non-empty")
+    calendar = _validate_execution_prices(execution_prices)
+
+    factor_snapshot = factor_scores.copy(deep=True)
+    decision_weights = scores_to_weight_table(
+        factor_snapshot,
+        top_k,
+        gross_exposure=gross_exposure,
+        largest=largest,
+    )
+    schedule = schedule_target_weights(
+        decision_weights,
+        calendar,
+        lag_sessions=lag_sessions,
+    )
+    price_snapshot = execution_prices.copy(deep=True)
+
+    target_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]] = []
+    price_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]] = []
+    for execution_date, weights in schedule.execution_weights.iterrows():
+        date_label = str(pd.Timestamp(execution_date))
+        target_history.append(
+            (date_label, {asset: float(weight) for asset, weight in weights.items()})
+        )
+        prices = price_snapshot.loc[execution_date]
+        price_history.append(
+            (date_label, {asset: float(price) for asset, price in prices.items()})
+        )
+
+    execution = simulate_multi_day_with_audit(
+        target_history,
+        price_history,
+        initial_cash,
+        config,
+    )
+    return FactorExecutionResult(
+        factor_scores=factor_snapshot,
+        execution_prices=price_snapshot,
+        schedule=schedule,
+        execution_price_field=price_field,
+        execution=execution,
+    )

tests/test_data_adapter.py

@@ -266,6 +266,17 @@ def test_prepare_execution_inputs_basic(tushare_long: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
     assert volumes.iloc[0, 0] == pytest.approx(1000.0)
 
 
+def test_prepare_execution_inputs_can_select_next_session_open_price(
+    tushare_long: pd.DataFrame,
+) -> None:
+    """显式 price_col=open 时应生成开盘执行价矩阵。"""
+    renamed = rename_tushare_columns(tushare_long)
+
+    prices, _volumes = prepare_execution_inputs(renamed, price_col="open")
+
+    assert prices.iloc[0, 0] == pytest.approx(10.0)
+
+
 def test_prepare_execution_inputs_no_volume() -> None:
     """无 volume 列 → volumes 全 1.0。"""
     df = pd.DataFrame(
@@ -286,6 +297,14 @@ def test_prepare_execution_inputs_missing_close_raises() -> None:
         prepare_execution_inputs(df)
 
 
+def test_prepare_execution_inputs_missing_selected_price_raises() -> None:
+    df = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"stock_code": ["A"], "trade_date": ["2024-01-01"], "close": [10.0]}
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="缺 open"):
+        prepare_execution_inputs(df, price_col="open")
+
+
 # ── 端到端：长表 → 适配 → alpha158 + execution ──────────────
 
 

tests/test_portfolio_construction.py

@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ def test_scores_to_weight_table_constructs_each_rebalance_independently() -> Non
     pd.testing.assert_series_equal(result.iloc[0], changed_result.iloc[0])
 
 
-def test_factor_scores_flow_directly_into_weight_backtest() -> None:
+def test_effective_holding_weights_flow_into_weight_backtest() -> None:
     dates = pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=3, freq="B")
-    scores = pd.DataFrame(
+    effective_weights = pd.DataFrame(
-        {"A": [2.0, 0.0], "B": [1.0, 3.0]},
+        {"A": [1.0, 0.0], "B": [0.0, 1.0]},
         index=dates[[0, 2]],
     )
     stock_returns = pd.DataFrame(
@@ -102,11 +102,10 @@ def test_factor_scores_flow_directly_into_weight_backtest() -> None:
         index=dates,
     )
 
-    weights = scores_to_weight_table(scores, top_k=1)
+    result = run_weight_backtest(effective_weights, stock_returns)
-    result = run_weight_backtest(weights, stock_returns)
 
     pd.testing.assert_series_equal(result.nav, pd.Series([1.1, 1.1, 1.32], index=dates))
-    pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(result.weights, weights)
+    pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(result.weights, effective_weights)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("top_k", [0, -1])

tests/test_research_pipeline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""No-lookahead factor-score to execution-audit integration contracts."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pytest
+
+from quant_engine.execution import ExecutionConfig
+from quant_engine.research_pipeline import (
+    FactorExecutionResult,
+    TargetWeightSchedule,
+    run_factor_execution_research,
+    schedule_target_weights,
+)
+
+
+def _calendar() -> pd.DatetimeIndex:
+    return pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=4, freq="B")
+
+
+def _factor_scores() -> pd.DataFrame:
+    dates = _calendar()
+    return pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [2.0, 0.0], "B": [1.0, 3.0]},
+        index=dates[:2],
+    )
+
+
+def _next_session_open_prices() -> pd.DataFrame:
+    dates = _calendar()
+    return pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [1.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0], "B": [1.0, 10.0, 20.0, 20.0]},
+        index=dates,
+    )
+
+
+def test_schedule_target_weights_maps_signal_to_next_trading_session() -> None:
+    dates = _calendar()
+    decision_weights = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [1.0, 0.0], "B": [0.0, 1.0]},
+        index=dates[:2],
+    )
+
+    schedule = schedule_target_weights(decision_weights, dates, lag_sessions=1)
+
+    assert isinstance(schedule, TargetWeightSchedule)
+    assert schedule.lag_sessions == 1
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        schedule.signal_to_execution,
+        pd.Series(dates[1:3], index=dates[:2], name="execution_date"),
+    )
+    expected = decision_weights.copy()
+    expected.index = dates[1:3]
+    expected.index.name = "execution_date"
+    pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(schedule.execution_weights, expected)
+    assert (schedule.execution_weights.index > schedule.signal_to_execution.index).all()
+
+
+def test_factor_execution_research_uses_next_session_prices() -> None:
+    config = ExecutionConfig(
+        commission_bps=0,
+        stamp_tax_bps=0,
+        slippage_bps=0,
+        min_trade_amount=0,
+    )
+
+    result = run_factor_execution_research(
+        _factor_scores(),
+        _next_session_open_prices(),
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(result, FactorExecutionResult)
+    assert result.execution_price_field == "open"
+    assert result.execution.daily_executions[0].date == str(_calendar()[1])
+    assert result.execution.positions[0].holdings == {"A": 100.0}
+    assert result.execution.positions[1].holdings == {"B": 50.0}
+    assert result.execution.final_portfolio_value == pytest.approx(1_000.0)
+
+
+def test_factor_execution_result_snapshots_research_inputs() -> None:
+    scores = _factor_scores()
+    prices = _next_session_open_prices()
+
+    result = run_factor_execution_research(
+        scores,
+        prices,
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+    )
+    scores.iloc[0, 0] = -999.0
+    prices.iloc[1, 0] = 999.0
+
+    assert result.factor_scores.iloc[0, 0] == 2.0
+    assert result.execution_prices.loc[_calendar()[1], "A"] == 10.0
+    assert result.execution.positions[0].holdings["A"] < 200_000.0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("lag_sessions", [0, -1, True])
+def test_schedule_target_weights_requires_positive_integer_lag(lag_sessions: int) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="lag_sessions"):
+        schedule_target_weights(
+            pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0]}, index=_calendar()[:1]),
+            _calendar(),
+            lag_sessions=lag_sessions,
+        )
+
+
+def test_schedule_target_weights_rejects_signal_outside_trading_calendar() -> None:
+    weekend = pd.Timestamp("2026-01-10")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="signal dates must be trading sessions"):
+        schedule_target_weights(
+            pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0]}, index=[weekend]),
+            _calendar(),
+        )
+
+
+def test_schedule_target_weights_rejects_missing_future_execution_session() -> None:
+    dates = _calendar()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="future execution session"):
+        schedule_target_weights(
+            pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0]}, index=dates[-1:]),
+            dates,
+        )
+
+
+def test_factor_execution_research_requires_explicit_price_field() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="execution_price_field"):
+        run_factor_execution_research(
+            _factor_scores(),
+            _next_session_open_prices(),
+            top_k=1,
+            execution_price_field="",
+        )
+
+
+def test_factor_execution_research_accepts_empty_scores() -> None:
+    scores = pd.DataFrame(columns=["A", "B"], index=pd.DatetimeIndex([]), dtype=float)
+
+    result = run_factor_execution_research(
+        scores,
+        _next_session_open_prices(),
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+    )
+
+    assert result.schedule.execution_weights.empty
+    assert result.execution.positions == ()