docs: add realized ledger weights to handoff

README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 | 仓库 | 角色 |
 |---|---|
-| `quant_engine` | **纯回测核心**（alpha + execution + indicators + data_adapter + backtest + metrics） |
+| `quant_engine` | **纯研究核心**（alpha + execution + ledger + attribution + risk + metrics） |
 | `research_results` | 业务集成（47 个 proj 调度 + 注册 + 平台对接） |
 | `tushare2db_pro_aoge` | 数据层（行情 ELT） |
 | `research_platform` | 展示层（FastAPI + Next.js） |
@@ -19,16 +19,17 @@
 ## 模块
 
 - `alpha_factors` — 158 alpha 公式 + 24 基础算子（移植自 qlib alpha158）
-- `execution` — A 股长仓执行仿真（成本/滑点/现金约束）+ 逐日成交/拒绝/持仓/NAV 审计；T+1、涨跌停、成交量与价差提供独立约束函数
+- `execution` — A 股长仓执行仿真（成本/滑点/现金约束）+ 稀疏调仓/完整交易日 Ledger + 可投影成交与 NAV 审计；T+1、涨跌停、成交量与价差提供独立约束函数
 - `indicators` — 50+ 技术指标（MACD / KDJ / 布林 / ATR / ADX / 等）
 - `data_adapter` — 桥接 qtdb_pro 长表与新模块（rename / long-wide / 复权 / vwap 代理）
 - `backtest` — weight-based 多日仿真（rebalance_table / compute_nav / compare_to_benchmark）
 - `portfolio_construction` — 多期因子分数 → Top-K → 等权目标权重表
-- `research_pipeline` — 因子日 → 下一真实交易日 → 显式执行价 → 执行审计（防前视编排）
-- `metrics` — 绩效（年化收益 / 波动率 / Sharpe / 最大回撤 / Calmar）
+- `research_pipeline` — 因子日 → 下一真实交易日 → 显式执行价 → 日末估值 → 成本后绩效（防前视编排）
+- `attribution` — 基于实际成交后持仓的隔夜 / 日内 / 交易成本逐日收益归因与闭合审计
+- `metrics` — 绝对绩效 + 严格日期对齐的 TE / IR / alpha / beta 基准相对绩效
 - `factor_library` — 通用方法（turnover / winsorize / IC / OLS / jb_test）
 - `portfolio_decomp` — 组合分解（risk_parity / mean_variance / 因子归因）
-- `risk` — 风险指标（边际 / 风险贡献）
+- `risk` — ndarray 低层风险公式 + 标签安全、可分组的 Euler 成分风险分解
 - `perf_stats` — 详细绩效（与 metrics 并存）
 - `logging` — 统一 logger（标准库 + 可选 loguru）
 
@@ -60,9 +61,12 @@ ruff check src/ tests/    # lint
 ```python
 from quant_engine.alpha_factors import alpha_001, alpha_005, ALPHA158_REGISTRY
 from quant_engine.execution import (
-    ExecutionConfig, simulate_multi_day_with_audit, simulate_with_daily_data,
+    ExecutionConfig, simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit,
+    simulate_multi_day_with_audit, simulate_with_daily_data,
+)
+from quant_engine.research_pipeline import (
+    run_factor_backtest_research, run_factor_execution_research,
 )
-from quant_engine.research_pipeline import run_factor_execution_research
 from quant_engine.backtest import run_weight_backtest
 from quant_engine.indicators import macd, bollinger, kdj
 from quant_engine.data_adapter import (
@@ -103,6 +107,35 @@ factor_execution = run_factor_execution_research(
     initial_cash=1_000_000.0,
 )
 
+# 推荐研究入口：同一交易日历上显式区分 open 成交和 close 估值。
+# 因子日保持现金，下一交易日成交后的真实持仓才参与当日收盘收益。
+factor_backtest = run_factor_backtest_research(
+    factor_scores,
+    top_k=20,
+    execution_prices=open_prices,
+    valuation_prices=close_prices,
+    execution_price_field="open",
+    valuation_price_field="close",
+    initial_cash=1_000_000.0,
+    config=ExecutionConfig(),
+)
+print(factor_backtest.nav)
+print(factor_backtest.returns)
+print(factor_backtest.stats())
+print(factor_backtest.execution.ledger_frame)
+print(factor_backtest.execution.trades_frame)
+print(factor_backtest.position_weights)  # 实际日末资产权重
+print(factor_backtest.cash_weights)
+
+# 所有分析都以实际成交后的 Ledger 为事实源，不直接使用目标权重伪造结果。
+attribution = factor_backtest.return_attribution()
+print(attribution.asset_contributions)
+print(attribution.transaction_cost)
+print(attribution.residual)  # 应接近 0；否则说明贡献未闭合到账本收益
+
+# benchmark_returns 必须与成本后 factor_backtest.returns 使用完全相同的日期索引。
+print(factor_backtest.benchmark_stats(benchmark_returns))
+
 # run_weight_backtest 是低层算子：只接受收益区间开始前已经生效的持仓权重。
 # 不要把 signal-date 的 factor_scores/decision_weights 直接传给它。
 backtest = run_weight_backtest(

docs/OPEN_SOURCE_REFERENCES.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Open-source design references
+
+本项目采用“借鉴稳定语义、保留轻量实现”的策略。引入新量化能力前先检查成熟
+开源案例；除非维护成本和许可证收益明确优于本地小型实现，否则不增加框架级依赖。
+
+## 2026-08-21：成交后归因与相对绩效
+
+| 项目 | 借鉴内容 | 当前决策 |
+|---|---|---|
+| [Qlib](https://github.com/microsoft/qlib) | 信号时间与交易时间分离、成本前后超额收益分开报告 | 借鉴语义；不引入完整框架 |
+| [Zipline](https://github.com/quantopian/zipline) | Ledger / transaction / portfolio value 状态模型 | 以现有 `ExecutionSimulationResult` 承担事实源 |
+| [empyrical](https://github.com/quantopian/empyrical) | beta 协方差口径、alpha 几何年化、年化因子 | 移植小型公式；不增加老旧运行时依赖 |
+| [Riskfolio-Lib](https://github.com/dcajasn/Riskfolio-Lib) | Euler component risk 与分组/因子风险贡献 | 只实现当前需要的 pandas/numpy 标签安全封装 |
+| [PyPortfolioOpt](https://github.com/PyPortfolio/PyPortfolioOpt) | 协方差估计与优化器解耦 | 留作未来风险模型适配器参考 |
+
+当前核心不新增依赖。逐日收益归因必须从实际换仓前后持仓、成交记录、执行价和
+收盘估值推导；因子分数与目标权重只是意图，不能作为成交后归因事实源。
+
+## hikyuu 的定位
+
+[hikyuu](https://github.com/fasiondog/hikyuu) 的 SG / MM / CN / PG 部件化思想、
+A 股交易约束和系统组合方式仍有借鉴价值；但其完整 C++/Python 运行时、对象模型和
+数据体系不适合作为本项目核心依赖。当前原则是按真实研究链路吸收边界设计，不复制
+其框架层级，也不为了“架构完整”预先建设尚无端到端需求的抽象。

docs/handoff/2026-08-21-ledger-attribution.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Ledger-backed attribution handoff
+
+## Goal
+
+在 `ExecutionSimulationResult` 日频 Ledger 之上增加轻量、可审计的成交后分析层：
+
+- 逐日隔夜 / 日内资产收益贡献；
+- 佣金、印花税、滑点成本独立贡献；
+- 贡献闭合到成本后日收益并显式暴露 residual；
+- 严格日期对齐的 TE / IR / alpha / beta；
+- 标签安全且可分组的 Euler component risk。
+- 从 Ledger 股数和收盘估值投影的实际资产 / 现金权重。
+
+## Branch stack
+
+- 当前：`codex/ledger-attribution-20260821`
+- 基线：`codex/post-execution-ledger-20260821`
+- 再下层：`codex/core-contracts-20260821`（PR #2，尚待用户确认合并）
+
+本分支不得直接合并到 `main`。应按上述顺序逐层审阅；未经用户明确确认，不得合并
+L2 PR。
+
+## Open-source decision
+
+调研结论记录在 `docs/OPEN_SOURCE_REFERENCES.md`。Qlib、Zipline、empyrical、
+Riskfolio-Lib 和 PyPortfolioOpt 只作为时间语义、Ledger、相对指标与 Euler 风险贡献
+的设计参考；本阶段没有新增运行时依赖。
+
+## Verification
+
+- `pytest -q --cov=src --cov-report=term-missing`: 514 passed，9 个既有 SciPy warning，91% coverage；
+- `mypy --strict src/`: 15 source files passed；
+- 变更范围 `ruff check`: passed；
+- 全仓 Ruff：仅 13 个既有 `tests/governance/*` PT009；
+- workspace verify/status：passed，预期提示 quant_engine 非 main；
+- global Gitea workflow check：passed，23 个无关仓库 warning。
+
+## Next action
+
+先按堆叠顺序审阅 PR。基础 Ledger 分支完成后，再将本分支 rebase 到其最终提交，
+运行唯一一次 `ship --ready`；随后将稳定输出适配到 `research_results` 与
+`research_platform`，不要在核心层直接写数据库。

docs/handoff/2026-08-21-post-execution-ledger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Post-execution daily Ledger handoff
+
+## 状态
+
+- 分支：`codex/post-execution-ledger-20260821`
+- 基线：`codex/core-contracts-20260821`（PR #2，尚未获用户确认合并）
+- 本分支不得直接合并到 `main`；先等待 PR #2 合并，再整理基线并创建独立 PR。
+- 无账户、券商、数据库或实盘副作用。
+
+## 已完成
+
+- 新增稀疏调仓、完整交易日估值的 `simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit()`。
+- 显式分离 execution price 与 valuation price，支持下一日 open 成交、当日 close 估值。
+- 成交记录补齐 `side / quantity / price`，并提供 `trades_frame`。
+- 提供平台中立的 `ledger_frame`，不携带 `run_id`，不写数据库。
+- 新增 `run_factor_backtest_research()`：PIT 因子、下一交易日执行、日频 NAV、首日成本收益和标准绩效。
+- 研究区间从首条有效信号日开始，排除因子预热行情对绩效的稀释。
+
+## 验证
+
+- `pytest -q --cov=src --cov-report=term-missing`：500 passed，total coverage 91%。
+- `mypy --strict src/`：14 source files passed。
+- 本阶段文件 scoped Ruff：passed。
+- 全仓 Ruff：仅既有 governance tests 的 13 个 PT009 基线问题。
+- workspace verify/status：通过；仅提示功能分支不是引导基线 `main`。
+- 全局 Gitea workflow check：通过，23 个既有警告。
+
+## 继续步骤
+
+1. 获得用户对 PR #2 的明确合并确认并按 L2 流程合并。
+2. 将本分支整理到更新后的 `main`，重新运行相同全量验证。
+3. 为 Ledger 阶段创建独立 PR，执行唯一一次最终 `ship --ready`，等待用户确认合并。
+4. 后续在 `research_results` 增加业务投影适配器，再由 `research_platform` 持久化和展示；核心层继续保持无数据库写入。

src/quant_engine/attribution.py

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+"""Post-execution daily return attribution derived from the portfolio ledger.
+
+The ledger is the source of truth: previous-close holdings explain overnight
+PnL, current-close holdings explain intraday PnL, and actual execution costs
+remain a separate contribution.  Target weights and factor scores are not
+accepted here because they are intentions rather than realized positions.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import pandas as pd
+
+from quant_engine.execution import ExecutionSimulationResult
+
+__all__ = ["DailyReturnAttribution", "compute_daily_return_attribution"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True, eq=False)
+class DailyReturnAttribution:
+    """Auditable decomposition of each net portfolio return."""
+
+    overnight: pd.DataFrame
+    intraday: pd.DataFrame
+    transaction_cost: pd.Series
+    residual: pd.Series
+    total_return: pd.Series
+
+    @property
+    def asset_contributions(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """Return the combined overnight and intraday contribution by asset."""
+        return self.overnight + self.intraday
+
+    @property
+    def explained_return(self) -> pd.Series:
+        """Return asset contributions plus execution costs, before residual."""
+        explained = self.asset_contributions.sum(axis=1) + self.transaction_cost
+        return explained.rename("explained_return")
+
+
+def _validate_prices(
+    execution: ExecutionSimulationResult,
+    execution_prices: pd.DataFrame,
+    valuation_prices: pd.DataFrame,
+) -> pd.DatetimeIndex:
+    if not isinstance(execution_prices, pd.DataFrame):
+        raise TypeError("execution_prices must be a pandas DataFrame")
+    if not isinstance(valuation_prices, pd.DataFrame):
+        raise TypeError("valuation_prices must be a pandas DataFrame")
+    if not isinstance(execution_prices.index, pd.DatetimeIndex):
+        raise TypeError("execution_prices must use a DatetimeIndex")
+    if not execution_prices.index.equals(valuation_prices.index):
+        raise ValueError("execution and valuation prices must use matching trading calendars")
+    if not execution_prices.columns.equals(valuation_prices.columns):
+        raise ValueError("execution and valuation prices must use matching asset labels")
+
+    ledger_index = pd.DatetimeIndex(pd.Timestamp(position.date) for position in execution.positions)
+    if not ledger_index.equals(execution_prices.index):
+        raise ValueError("ledger and price histories must use matching trading calendars")
+    if len(execution.positions) != len(execution.daily_executions):
+        raise ValueError("ledger positions and executions must have matching lengths")
+    return execution_prices.index.copy()
+
+
+def _price_for_held_asset(
+    prices: pd.DataFrame,
+    date: pd.Timestamp,
+    asset: str,
+    stage: str,
+) -> float:
+    if asset not in prices.columns:
+        raise ValueError(f"missing {stage} price for held asset {asset} on {date}")
+    price = float(prices.at[date, asset])
+    if not math.isfinite(price) or price <= 0:
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid {stage} price for held asset {asset} on {date}")
+    return price
+
+
+def compute_daily_return_attribution(
+    execution: ExecutionSimulationResult,
+    execution_prices: pd.DataFrame,
+    valuation_prices: pd.DataFrame,
+) -> DailyReturnAttribution:
+    """Decompose net daily returns using realized pre/post-execution holdings.
+
+    For each session, previous-close shares earn the move from the previous
+    close to the current execution price; current-close shares earn the move
+    from execution price to current close.  Actual commissions, stamp tax and
+    slippage are divided by the same previous NAV denominator.  ``residual``
+    exposes any failure of those components to close to the ledger return.
+    """
+    index = _validate_prices(execution, execution_prices, valuation_prices)
+    columns = execution_prices.columns.copy()
+    overnight = pd.DataFrame(0.0, index=index.copy(), columns=columns)
+    intraday = pd.DataFrame(0.0, index=index.copy(), columns=columns)
+    cost = pd.Series(0.0, index=index.copy(), name="transaction_cost")
+
+    previous_holdings: dict[str, float] = {}
+    previous_nav = execution.initial_cash
+    for row_number, (date, position, daily) in enumerate(
+        zip(index, execution.positions, execution.daily_executions, strict=True)
+    ):
+        if previous_nav <= 0 or not math.isfinite(previous_nav):
+            raise ValueError(f"previous portfolio value must be positive and finite on {date}")
+
+        for asset, shares in previous_holdings.items():
+            execution_price = _price_for_held_asset(
+                execution_prices, date, asset, "execution"
+            )
+            previous_close = _price_for_held_asset(
+                valuation_prices, index[row_number - 1], asset, "previous valuation"
+            )
+            overnight.at[date, asset] = shares * (execution_price - previous_close) / previous_nav
+
+        for asset, shares in position.holdings.items():
+            execution_price = _price_for_held_asset(
+                execution_prices, date, asset, "execution"
+            )
+            close_price = _price_for_held_asset(valuation_prices, date, asset, "valuation")
+            intraday.at[date, asset] = shares * (close_price - execution_price) / previous_nav
+
+        cost.at[date] = -sum(item.total_cost for item in daily.executions) / previous_nav
+        previous_holdings = position.holdings
+        previous_nav = position.portfolio_value
+
+    total_return = pd.Series(
+        execution.daily_returns.to_numpy(copy=True),
+        index=index.copy(),
+        name="total_return",
+    )
+    explained = (overnight + intraday).sum(axis=1) + cost
+    residual = (total_return - explained).rename("residual")
+    return DailyReturnAttribution(
+        overnight=overnight,
+        intraday=intraday,
+        transaction_cost=cost,
+        residual=residual,
+        total_return=total_return,
+    )

src/quant_engine/execution.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 借鉴 hikyuu SG/MM/CN/PG 部件化思想（不引入 hikyuu 框架）：
 - ExecutionConfig：佣金 + 印花税 + 滑点 + 最小交易额 + 止损/止盈阈值
 - simulate_execution()：从目标权重 → 实际成交金额（应用成本/滑点）
+- simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit()：稀疏调仓 + 完整交易日收盘估值 Ledger
 - simulate_multi_day_with_audit()：目标权重差额调仓（成交/拒绝/持仓/NAV）
 - simulate_multi_day()：兼容的多日日末持仓快照入口
 - check_stop_loss_take_profit()：止损/止盈触发判定
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import math
 from collections.abc import Mapping
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
 from typing import Any
 
 import pandas as pd
@@ -103,6 +104,9 @@ class ExecutionResult:
     net_cash_flow: float  # 净现金流（买入为负，卖出为正）
     partial_fill_pct: float = 1.0  # 实际成交占目标的比例（1.0 = 全部成交）
     blocked_reason: str = ""  # 阻塞原因（如涨跌停停牌）
+    side: str = ""  # buy / sell；未成交记录也保留目标方向
+    quantity: float = 0.0  # 实际成交股数
+    price: float = 0.0  # 未含滑点的参考执行价
 
 
 def _apply_costs(
@@ -369,6 +373,100 @@ class ExecutionSimulationResult:
             dtype=float,
         )
 
+    @property
+    def normalized_nav_series(self) -> pd.Series:
+        """返回以初始资金为 1 的净值曲线副本。"""
+        nav = self.nav_series
+        if self.initial_cash == 0:
+            return pd.Series(0.0, index=nav.index, dtype=float)
+        return nav / self.initial_cash
+
+    @property
+    def daily_returns(self) -> pd.Series:
+        """返回逐日收益；首日相对初始资金计算，保留首日交易成本。"""
+        nav = self.nav_series
+        if nav.empty:
+            return nav
+        returns = nav.pct_change()
+        returns.iloc[0] = (
+            nav.iloc[0] / self.initial_cash - 1.0 if self.initial_cash != 0 else 0.0
+        )
+        return returns.fillna(0.0)
+
+    @property
+    def trades_frame(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """返回可投影到平台成交明细的实际成交表，不包含纯拒绝记录。"""
+        columns = [
+            "trade_date",
+            "ts_code",
+            "side",
+            "qty",
+            "price",
+            "amount",
+            "fee",
+            "slippage",
+        ]
+        rows = [
+            {
+                "trade_date": daily.date,
+                "ts_code": execution.stock_code,
+                "side": execution.side,
+                "qty": execution.quantity,
+                "price": execution.price,
+                "amount": execution.executed_value,
+                "fee": execution.commission + execution.stamp_tax,
+                "slippage": execution.slippage_cost,
+            }
+            for daily in self.daily_executions
+            for execution in daily.executions
+            if execution.quantity > 0
+        ]
+        return pd.DataFrame(rows, columns=columns)
+
+    @property
+    def ledger_frame(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """返回稳定的日频 Ledger 投影，不附加运行元数据或写数据库。"""
+        columns = [
+            "trade_date",
+            "portfolio_value",
+            "nav",
+            "pnl",
+            "pnl_pct",
+            "position_value",
+            "cash",
+            "turnover",
+        ]
+        previous_value = self.initial_cash
+        rows: list[dict[str, float | str]] = []
+        daily_returns = self.daily_returns
+        for index, (position, daily) in enumerate(
+            zip(self.positions, self.daily_executions, strict=True)
+        ):
+            daily_turnover = sum(
+                execution.executed_value
+                for execution in daily.executions
+                if execution.quantity > 0
+            )
+            turnover_rate = daily_turnover / daily.nav_before if daily.nav_before > 0 else 0.0
+            rows.append(
+                {
+                    "trade_date": position.date,
+                    "portfolio_value": position.portfolio_value,
+                    "nav": (
+                        position.portfolio_value / self.initial_cash
+                        if self.initial_cash != 0
+                        else 0.0
+                    ),
+                    "pnl": position.portfolio_value - previous_value,
+                    "pnl_pct": float(daily_returns.iloc[index]),
+                    "position_value": position.portfolio_value - position.cash,
+                    "cash": position.cash,
+                    "turnover": turnover_rate,
+                }
+            )
+            previous_value = position.portfolio_value
+        return pd.DataFrame(rows, columns=columns)
+
     @property
     def total_costs(self) -> float:
         """汇总实际成交产生的成本。"""
@@ -420,6 +518,7 @@ def _blocked_execution(stock_code: str, target_value: float, reason: str) -> Exe
         net_cash_flow=0.0,
         partial_fill_pct=0.0,
         blocked_reason=reason,
+        side="buy" if target_value > 0 else "sell" if target_value < 0 else "",
     )
 
 
@@ -466,6 +565,236 @@ def _partially_fill_buy(
     )
 
 
+def _rebalance_at_prices(
+    date: str,
+    targets: Mapping[str, float],
+    prices: Mapping[str, float],
+    cash: float,
+    holdings: dict[str, float],
+    config: ExecutionConfig,
+) -> tuple[float, tuple[ExecutionResult, ...], float, float]:
+    """在单一执行时点按目标权重差额调仓，并原地更新 holdings。"""
+    normalized_targets = _validate_target_weights(date, targets)
+    for held_code in holdings:
+        held_price = prices.get(held_code)
+        if held_price is None or not math.isfinite(held_price) or held_price <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"missing price for held asset {held_code} on {date!r}")
+
+    nav_before = cash + sum(
+        shares * prices.get(stock_code, 0.0)
+        for stock_code, shares in holdings.items()
+    )
+    effective_targets = dict.fromkeys(holdings, 0.0)
+    effective_targets.update(normalized_targets)
+    buy_weights: dict[str, float] = {}
+    sell_weights: dict[str, float] = {}
+    rejected: list[ExecutionResult] = []
+
+    for stock_code, target_weight in effective_targets.items():
+        price = prices.get(stock_code)
+        target_value = float(target_weight) * nav_before
+        if price is None or not math.isfinite(price) or price <= 0:
+            if target_value != 0 or holdings.get(stock_code, 0.0) != 0:
+                rejected.append(_blocked_execution(stock_code, target_value, "missing_price"))
+            continue
+
+        current_value = holdings.get(stock_code, 0.0) * price
+        trade_value = target_value - current_value
+        if abs(trade_value) < config.min_trade_amount or math.isclose(
+            trade_value, 0.0, abs_tol=1e-12
+        ):
+            continue
+        if nav_before == 0:
+            rejected.append(_blocked_execution(stock_code, trade_value, "zero_nav"))
+            continue
+        destination = buy_weights if trade_value > 0 else sell_weights
+        destination[stock_code] = trade_value / nav_before
+
+    sell_executions = simulate_execution(sell_weights, nav_before, config)
+    filled: list[ExecutionResult] = []
+    for raw_execution in sell_executions:
+        price = prices[raw_execution.stock_code]
+        quantity = abs(raw_execution.target_value) / price
+        execution = replace(
+            raw_execution,
+            side="sell",
+            quantity=quantity,
+            price=price,
+        )
+        held = holdings.get(execution.stock_code, 0.0)
+        holdings[execution.stock_code] = max(0.0, held - quantity)
+        if holdings[execution.stock_code] < 1e-6:
+            del holdings[execution.stock_code]
+        cash += execution.net_cash_flow
+        filled.append(execution)
+
+    desired_buys = simulate_execution(buy_weights, nav_before, config)
+    required_cash = sum(-execution.net_cash_flow for execution in desired_buys)
+    buy_fill_pct = min(1.0, max(cash, 0.0) / required_cash) if required_cash > 0 else 1.0
+    for desired in desired_buys:
+        if buy_fill_pct == 0:
+            rejected.append(
+                _blocked_execution(desired.stock_code, desired.target_value, "insufficient_cash")
+            )
+            continue
+        raw_execution = (
+            desired
+            if buy_fill_pct == 1.0
+            else _partially_fill_buy(desired, buy_fill_pct, config)
+        )
+        price = prices[raw_execution.stock_code]
+        quantity = abs(raw_execution.target_value) * raw_execution.partial_fill_pct / price
+        execution = replace(
+            raw_execution,
+            side="buy",
+            quantity=quantity,
+            price=price,
+        )
+        holdings[execution.stock_code] = holdings.get(execution.stock_code, 0.0) + quantity
+        cash += execution.net_cash_flow
+        if math.isclose(cash, 0.0, abs_tol=1e-9):
+            cash = 0.0
+        filled.append(execution)
+
+    executions = (*filled, *rejected)
+    nav_after = cash + sum(
+        shares * prices.get(stock_code, 0.0)
+        for stock_code, shares in holdings.items()
+    )
+    return cash, executions, nav_before, nav_after
+
+
+def _validate_sparse_daily_histories(
+    target_weights_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+    execution_price_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+    valuation_price_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+) -> tuple[
+    dict[str, dict[str, float]],
+    dict[str, dict[str, float]],
+    list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+]:
+    """校验稀疏调仓与完整估值日历，并隔离调用方可变输入。"""
+    target_dates = [date for date, _ in target_weights_history]
+    execution_dates = [date for date, _ in execution_price_history]
+    valuation_dates = [date for date, _ in valuation_price_history]
+    if len(set(target_dates)) != len(target_dates):
+        raise ValueError("target_weights_history must contain unique dates")
+    if len(set(execution_dates)) != len(execution_dates):
+        raise ValueError("execution_price_history must contain unique dates")
+    if len(set(valuation_dates)) != len(valuation_dates):
+        raise ValueError("valuation_price_history must contain unique dates")
+    if execution_dates != target_dates:
+        raise ValueError("execution price dates must exactly match target weight dates")
+
+    valuation_positions = {date: index for index, date in enumerate(valuation_dates)}
+    missing_dates = [date for date in target_dates if date not in valuation_positions]
+    if missing_dates:
+        raise ValueError(f"target dates must belong to valuation calendar: {missing_dates}")
+    positions = [valuation_positions[date] for date in target_dates]
+    if positions != sorted(positions):
+        raise ValueError("target weights must follow valuation calendar order")
+
+    targets = {date: dict(values) for date, values in target_weights_history}
+    execution_prices = {date: dict(values) for date, values in execution_price_history}
+    valuation_prices = [(date, dict(values)) for date, values in valuation_price_history]
+    return targets, execution_prices, valuation_prices
+
+
+def _simulate_daily_ledger(
+    target_weights_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+    execution_price_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+    valuation_price_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+    initial_cash: float,
+    config: ExecutionConfig,
+) -> ExecutionSimulationResult:
+    targets_by_date, execution_prices_by_date, valuation_history = (
+        _validate_sparse_daily_histories(
+            target_weights_history,
+            execution_price_history,
+            valuation_price_history,
+        )
+    )
+    cash = initial_cash
+    holdings: dict[str, float] = {}
+    positions: list[DailyPosition] = []
+    daily_executions: list[DailyExecution] = []
+
+    for date, valuation_prices in valuation_history:
+        targets = targets_by_date.get(date)
+        if targets is None:
+            executions: tuple[ExecutionResult, ...] = ()
+            nav_before = 0.0
+            nav_after = 0.0
+            rebalance_triggered = False
+        else:
+            cash, executions, nav_before, nav_after = _rebalance_at_prices(
+                date,
+                targets,
+                execution_prices_by_date[date],
+                cash,
+                holdings,
+                config,
+            )
+            rebalance_triggered = any(execution.quantity > 0 for execution in executions)
+
+        for held_code in holdings:
+            valuation_price = valuation_prices.get(held_code)
+            if (
+                valuation_price is None
+                or not math.isfinite(valuation_price)
+                or valuation_price <= 0
+            ):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"missing valuation price for held asset {held_code} on {date!r}"
+                )
+        portfolio_value = cash + sum(
+            shares * valuation_prices[stock_code]
+            for stock_code, shares in holdings.items()
+        )
+        if targets is None:
+            nav_before = portfolio_value
+            nav_after = portfolio_value
+        positions.append(DailyPosition(date, cash, dict(holdings), portfolio_value))
+        daily_executions.append(
+            DailyExecution(
+                date=date,
+                executions=executions,
+                nav_before=nav_before,
+                nav_after=nav_after,
+                rebalance_triggered=rebalance_triggered,
+            )
+        )
+
+    return ExecutionSimulationResult(
+        initial_cash=initial_cash,
+        positions=tuple(positions),
+        daily_executions=tuple(daily_executions),
+    )
+
+
+def simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit(
+    target_weights_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+    execution_price_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+    valuation_price_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
+    initial_cash: float,
+    config: ExecutionConfig | None = None,
+) -> ExecutionSimulationResult:
+    """以稀疏调仓和完整日历运行成交后持仓 Ledger。
+
+    执行价只用于调仓日现金与股数变化，估值价用于每个交易日日末 NAV；二者
+    显式分离，从而支持“下一日 open 成交、同日 close 估值”的无前视研究。
+    """
+    if not math.isfinite(initial_cash) or initial_cash <= 0:
+        raise ValueError(f"initial_cash must be positive and finite, got {initial_cash}")
+    return _simulate_daily_ledger(
+        target_weights_history,
+        execution_price_history,
+        valuation_price_history,
+        initial_cash,
+        ExecutionConfig() if config is None else config,
+    )
+
+
 def simulate_multi_day_with_audit(
     target_weights_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
     price_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]],
@@ -488,122 +817,21 @@ def simulate_multi_day_with_audit(
         - 每日先按当日 close 估值，再交易“目标市值 - 当前市值”的差额
         - 此处简化为当日 close 成交；调用方必须传入已正确滞后的目标权重
     """
-    if config is None:
-        config = ExecutionConfig()
     if not math.isfinite(initial_cash) or initial_cash < 0:
         raise ValueError(f"initial_cash must be finite and non-negative, got {initial_cash}")
     if len(target_weights_history) != len(price_history):
         raise ValueError("target_weights_history and price_history must have same length")
-    if not target_weights_history:
-        return ExecutionSimulationResult(initial_cash, (), ())
-
-    cash = initial_cash
-    holdings: dict[str, float] = {}
-    positions: list[DailyPosition] = []
-    daily_executions: list[DailyExecution] = []
-
-    for (date, targets), (price_date, prices) in zip(
-        target_weights_history, price_history, strict=True
-    ):
+    for (date, _), (price_date, _) in zip(target_weights_history, price_history, strict=True):
         if date != price_date:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"target and price dates must match, got {date!r} and {price_date!r}"
             )
-
-        normalized_targets = _validate_target_weights(date, targets)
-        for held_code in holdings:
-            held_price = prices.get(held_code)
-            if held_price is None or not math.isfinite(held_price) or held_price <= 0:
-                raise ValueError(f"missing price for held asset {held_code} on {date!r}")
-
-        nav_before = cash + sum(
-            shares * prices.get(stock_code, 0.0)
-            for stock_code, shares in holdings.items()
-        )
-        effective_targets = dict.fromkeys(holdings, 0.0)
-        effective_targets.update(normalized_targets)
-        buy_weights: dict[str, float] = {}
-        sell_weights: dict[str, float] = {}
-        rejected: list[ExecutionResult] = []
-
-        for stock_code, target_weight in effective_targets.items():
-            price = prices.get(stock_code)
-            target_value = float(target_weight) * nav_before
-            if price is None or not math.isfinite(price) or price <= 0:
-                if target_value != 0 or holdings.get(stock_code, 0.0) != 0:
-                    rejected.append(_blocked_execution(stock_code, target_value, "missing_price"))
-                continue
-
-            current_value = holdings.get(stock_code, 0.0) * price
-            trade_value = target_value - current_value
-            if abs(trade_value) < config.min_trade_amount or math.isclose(
-                trade_value, 0.0, abs_tol=1e-12
-            ):
-                continue
-            if nav_before == 0:
-                rejected.append(_blocked_execution(stock_code, trade_value, "zero_nav"))
-                continue
-            destination = buy_weights if trade_value > 0 else sell_weights
-            destination[stock_code] = trade_value / nav_before
-
-        sell_executions = simulate_execution(sell_weights, nav_before, config)
-        filled: list[ExecutionResult] = []
-        for execution in sell_executions:
-            price = prices[execution.stock_code]
-            share_change = abs(execution.target_value) / price
-            held = holdings.get(execution.stock_code, 0.0)
-            holdings[execution.stock_code] = max(0.0, held - share_change)
-            if holdings[execution.stock_code] < 1e-6:
-                del holdings[execution.stock_code]
-            cash += execution.net_cash_flow
-            filled.append(execution)
-
-        desired_buys = simulate_execution(buy_weights, nav_before, config)
-        required_cash = sum(-execution.net_cash_flow for execution in desired_buys)
-        buy_fill_pct = min(1.0, max(cash, 0.0) / required_cash) if required_cash > 0 else 1.0
-        for desired in desired_buys:
-            if buy_fill_pct == 0:
-                rejected.append(
-                    _blocked_execution(desired.stock_code, desired.target_value, "insufficient_cash")
-                )
-                continue
-            execution = (
-                desired
-                if buy_fill_pct == 1.0
-                else _partially_fill_buy(desired, buy_fill_pct, config)
-            )
-            price = prices[execution.stock_code]
-            share_change = (
-                execution.target_value * execution.partial_fill_pct / price
-            )
-            holdings[execution.stock_code] = (
-                holdings.get(execution.stock_code, 0.0) + share_change
-            )
-            cash += execution.net_cash_flow
-            if math.isclose(cash, 0.0, abs_tol=1e-9):
-                cash = 0.0
-            filled.append(execution)
-
-        executions = (*filled, *rejected)
-        nav_after = cash + sum(
-            shares * prices.get(stock_code, 0.0)
-            for stock_code, shares in holdings.items()
-        )
-        positions.append(DailyPosition(date, cash, dict(holdings), nav_after))
-        daily_executions.append(
-            DailyExecution(
-                date=date,
-                executions=executions,
-                nav_before=nav_before,
-                nav_after=nav_after,
-                rebalance_triggered=bool(filled),
-            )
-        )
-
-    return ExecutionSimulationResult(
-        initial_cash=initial_cash,
-        positions=tuple(positions),
-        daily_executions=tuple(daily_executions),
+    return _simulate_daily_ledger(
+        target_weights_history,
+        price_history,
+        price_history,
+        initial_cash,
+        ExecutionConfig() if config is None else config,
     )
 
 
@@ -785,6 +1013,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "DailyPosition",
     "DailyExecution",
     "ExecutionSimulationResult",
+    "simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit",
     "simulate_multi_day",
     "simulate_multi_day_with_audit",
     "run_end_to_end_poc",

src/quant_engine/metrics.py

@@ -130,6 +130,62 @@ def summary(r: pd.Series, rf: float = 0.0) -> Mapping[str, float]:
     }
 
 
+def benchmark_summary(
+    portfolio_returns: pd.Series,
+    benchmark_returns: pd.Series,
+    *,
+    risk_free_daily: float = 0.0,
+    annualization: int = TRADING_DAYS_PER_YEAR,
+) -> Mapping[str, float]:
+    """计算成本后组合相对基准的严格对齐绩效。
+
+    与通用 ``summary`` 不同，本函数拒绝静默清洗或日期 inner join。alpha
+    使用日频回归截距的几何年化；基准方差不足时 alpha/beta 为 NaN，明确
+    表示回归不可估计。
+    """
+    portfolio, benchmark = _validate_benchmark_inputs(
+        portfolio_returns,
+        benchmark_returns,
+    )
+    if isinstance(annualization, bool) or not isinstance(annualization, int):
+        raise TypeError("annualization must be an integer")
+    if annualization <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("annualization must be positive")
+    if not np.isfinite(risk_free_daily):
+        raise ValueError("risk_free_daily must be finite")
+
+    active = portfolio - benchmark
+    active_std = float(active.std())
+    tracking_error = active_std * float(np.sqrt(annualization))
+    information_ratio = (
+        float(active.mean()) / active_std * float(np.sqrt(annualization))
+        if active_std >= 1e-30
+        else float("nan")
+    )
+
+    adjusted_portfolio = portfolio - risk_free_daily
+    adjusted_benchmark = benchmark - risk_free_daily
+    benchmark_variance = float(adjusted_benchmark.var())
+    if benchmark_variance < 1e-30:
+        beta = float("nan")
+        alpha = float("nan")
+    else:
+        beta = float(adjusted_portfolio.cov(adjusted_benchmark) / benchmark_variance)
+        alpha_daily = float((adjusted_portfolio - beta * adjusted_benchmark).mean())
+        alpha = (
+            float((1.0 + alpha_daily) ** annualization - 1.0)
+            if alpha_daily > -1.0
+            else float("nan")
+        )
+    return {
+        "n_observations": len(portfolio),
+        "tracking_error": tracking_error,
+        "information_ratio": information_ratio,
+        "alpha": alpha,
+        "beta": beta,
+    }
+
+
 # ── 内部 ──────────────────────────────────────
 
 
@@ -138,3 +194,29 @@ def _clean(r: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
     if not isinstance(r, pd.Series):
         raise TypeError(f"expected pd.Series, got {type(r).__name__}")
     return r.replace([np.inf, -np.inf], np.nan).dropna()
+
+
+def _validate_benchmark_inputs(
+    portfolio_returns: pd.Series,
+    benchmark_returns: pd.Series,
+) -> tuple[pd.Series, pd.Series]:
+    if not isinstance(portfolio_returns, pd.Series):
+        raise TypeError("portfolio_returns must be a pandas Series")
+    if not isinstance(benchmark_returns, pd.Series):
+        raise TypeError("benchmark_returns must be a pandas Series")
+    if not portfolio_returns.index.equals(benchmark_returns.index):
+        raise ValueError("portfolio and benchmark returns must use matching indexes")
+    if not portfolio_returns.index.is_unique:
+        raise ValueError("portfolio and benchmark indexes must be unique")
+    if len(portfolio_returns) < 2:
+        raise ValueError("benchmark metrics require at least two observations")
+
+    portfolio = portfolio_returns.astype(float, copy=True)
+    benchmark = benchmark_returns.astype(float, copy=True)
+    if not np.isfinite(portfolio.to_numpy()).all() or not np.isfinite(
+        benchmark.to_numpy()
+    ).all():
+        raise ValueError("portfolio and benchmark returns must be finite")
+    if (portfolio < -1.0).any() or (benchmark < -1.0).any():
+        raise ValueError("simple returns cannot be less than -1")
+    return portfolio, benchmark

src/quant_engine/research_pipeline.py

@@ -1,30 +1,38 @@
-"""可信研究链路：因子分数经交易日历滞后后进入执行审计。
+"""可信研究链路：因子分数经交易日历滞后后进入执行与日频 Ledger。
 
 本模块只编排现有组合构建与执行组件，不连接账户、券商或实盘订单。
 时间契约借鉴 Qlib 的 prediction/trade time 分离与 Backtrader 的 next-bar
 执行语义：signal_date 上形成的目标权重，默认最早在下一交易时点执行。
+完整回测链路进一步分离 execution price 与日末 valuation price，非调仓日也
+持续盯市，并从真实成交后持仓派生日收益和绩效。
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas.api.types import is_numeric_dtype
 
+from quant_engine.attribution import DailyReturnAttribution, compute_daily_return_attribution
 from quant_engine.execution import (
     ExecutionConfig,
     ExecutionSimulationResult,
+    simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit,
     simulate_multi_day_with_audit,
 )
+from quant_engine.metrics import benchmark_summary, summary as metrics_summary
 from quant_engine.portfolio_construction import scores_to_weight_table
 
 __all__ = [
     "TargetWeightSchedule",
     "FactorExecutionResult",
+    "FactorBacktestResult",
     "schedule_target_weights",
     "run_factor_execution_research",
+    "run_factor_backtest_research",
 ]
 
 
@@ -49,6 +57,94 @@ class FactorExecutionResult:
     execution: ExecutionSimulationResult
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True, eq=False)
+class FactorBacktestResult:
+    """因子、成交后日频 Ledger 与绩效的一次可复现快照。"""
+
+    factor_scores: pd.DataFrame
+    execution_prices: pd.DataFrame
+    valuation_prices: pd.DataFrame
+    schedule: TargetWeightSchedule
+    execution_price_field: str
+    valuation_price_field: str
+    execution: ExecutionSimulationResult
+
+    @property
+    def nav(self) -> pd.Series:
+        """返回以初始资金归一化为 1 的日频 NAV。"""
+        return pd.Series(
+            self.execution.normalized_nav_series.to_numpy(copy=True),
+            index=self.valuation_prices.index.copy(),
+            name="nav",
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def returns(self) -> pd.Series:
+        """返回包含首日成本影响的日频收益。"""
+        return pd.Series(
+            self.execution.daily_returns.to_numpy(copy=True),
+            index=self.valuation_prices.index.copy(),
+            name="returns",
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def position_weights(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """按日末实际股数、收盘估值和账本 NAV 投影资产权重。"""
+        weights = pd.DataFrame(
+            0.0,
+            index=self.valuation_prices.index.copy(),
+            columns=self.valuation_prices.columns.copy(),
+        )
+        for date, position in zip(
+            self.valuation_prices.index,
+            self.execution.positions,
+            strict=True,
+        ):
+            if position.portfolio_value <= 0:
+                raise ValueError(f"portfolio value must be positive on {date}")
+            for asset, shares in position.holdings.items():
+                weights.at[date, asset] = (
+                    shares * float(self.valuation_prices.at[date, asset])
+                    / position.portfolio_value
+                )
+        return weights
+
+    @property
+    def cash_weights(self) -> pd.Series:
+        """返回与实际资产权重使用同一日末 NAV 分母的现金权重。"""
+        values = []
+        for date, position in zip(
+            self.valuation_prices.index,
+            self.execution.positions,
+            strict=True,
+        ):
+            if position.portfolio_value <= 0:
+                raise ValueError(f"portfolio value must be positive on {date}")
+            values.append(position.cash / position.portfolio_value)
+        return pd.Series(
+            values,
+            index=self.valuation_prices.index.copy(),
+            dtype=float,
+            name="cash_weight",
+        )
+
+    def stats(self, rf: float = 0.0) -> Mapping[str, float]:
+        """复用标准绩效口径计算指标。"""
+        return metrics_summary(self.returns, rf)
+
+    def return_attribution(self) -> DailyReturnAttribution:
+        """从实际成交后持仓与账本生成逐日净收益归因。"""
+        return compute_daily_return_attribution(
+            self.execution,
+            self.execution_prices,
+            self.valuation_prices,
+        )
+
+    def benchmark_stats(self, benchmark_returns: pd.Series) -> Mapping[str, float]:
+        """计算成本后日收益相对同日基准的 TE、IR、alpha 与 beta。"""
+        return benchmark_summary(self.returns, benchmark_returns)
+
+
 def _validate_datetime_index(index: pd.Index, name: str) -> pd.DatetimeIndex:
     if not isinstance(index, pd.DatetimeIndex):
         raise TypeError(f"{name} must use a DatetimeIndex")
@@ -215,3 +311,91 @@ def run_factor_execution_research(
         execution_price_field=price_field,
         execution=execution,
     )
+
+
+def run_factor_backtest_research(
+    factor_scores: pd.DataFrame,
+    execution_prices: pd.DataFrame,
+    valuation_prices: pd.DataFrame,
+    *,
+    top_k: int,
+    execution_price_field: str,
+    valuation_price_field: str,
+    lag_sessions: int = 1,
+    gross_exposure: float = 1.0,
+    largest: bool = True,
+    initial_cash: float = 1_000_000.0,
+    config: ExecutionConfig | None = None,
+) -> FactorBacktestResult:
+    """运行 PIT 因子到成交后日频 Ledger、收益与绩效的可信研究链路。"""
+    execution_field = execution_price_field.strip()
+    valuation_field = valuation_price_field.strip()
+    if not execution_field:
+        raise ValueError("execution_price_field must be non-empty")
+    if not valuation_field:
+        raise ValueError("valuation_price_field must be non-empty")
+
+    execution_calendar = _validate_execution_prices(execution_prices)
+    valuation_calendar = _validate_execution_prices(valuation_prices)
+    if not execution_calendar.equals(valuation_calendar):
+        raise ValueError("execution and valuation prices must use matching trading calendars")
+    if not execution_prices.columns.equals(valuation_prices.columns):
+        raise ValueError("execution and valuation prices must use matching asset labels")
+
+    factor_snapshot = factor_scores.copy(deep=True)
+    execution_snapshot = execution_prices.copy(deep=True)
+    valuation_snapshot = valuation_prices.copy(deep=True)
+    decision_weights = scores_to_weight_table(
+        factor_snapshot,
+        top_k,
+        gross_exposure=gross_exposure,
+        largest=largest,
+    )
+    schedule = schedule_target_weights(
+        decision_weights,
+        execution_calendar,
+        lag_sessions=lag_sessions,
+    )
+    if decision_weights.empty:
+        execution_window = execution_snapshot.iloc[:0].copy()
+        valuation_window = valuation_snapshot.iloc[:0].copy()
+    else:
+        research_start = decision_weights.index[0]
+        execution_window = execution_snapshot.loc[research_start:].copy()
+        valuation_window = valuation_snapshot.loc[research_start:].copy()
+
+    target_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]] = []
+    execution_history: list[tuple[str, dict[str, float]]] = []
+    for execution_date, weights in schedule.execution_weights.iterrows():
+        date_label = str(pd.Timestamp(execution_date))
+        target_history.append(
+            (date_label, {asset: float(weight) for asset, weight in weights.items()})
+        )
+        prices = execution_window.loc[execution_date]
+        execution_history.append(
+            (date_label, {asset: float(price) for asset, price in prices.items()})
+        )
+
+    valuation_history = [
+        (
+            str(pd.Timestamp(valuation_date)),
+            {asset: float(price) for asset, price in prices.items()},
+        )
+        for valuation_date, prices in valuation_window.iterrows()
+    ]
+    execution = simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit(
+        target_history,
+        execution_history,
+        valuation_history,
+        initial_cash,
+        config,
+    )
+    return FactorBacktestResult(
+        factor_scores=factor_snapshot,
+        execution_prices=execution_window,
+        valuation_prices=valuation_window,
+        schedule=schedule,
+        execution_price_field=execution_field,
+        valuation_price_field=valuation_field,
+        execution=execution,
+    )

src/quant_engine/risk.py

@@ -5,11 +5,48 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
 from numpy.typing import NDArray
 
+__all__ = [
+    "ComponentRiskResult",
+    "component_var",
+    "labeled_component_risk",
+    "marginal_risk_contribution",
+    "risk_contribution",
+]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True, eq=False)
+class ComponentRiskResult:
+    """Label-preserving Euler decomposition of portfolio volatility."""
+
+    portfolio_volatility: float
+    marginal: pd.Series
+    component: pd.Series
+    percentage: pd.Series
+
+    def grouped_component(self, groups: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
+        """Aggregate asset component risk by an explicitly aligned label series."""
+        if not isinstance(groups, pd.Series):
+            raise TypeError("groups must be a pandas Series")
+        if not groups.index.is_unique:
+            raise ValueError("groups must contain unique asset labels")
+        if not self.component.index.difference(groups.index).empty or not groups.index.difference(
+            self.component.index
+        ).empty:
+            raise ValueError("groups and component risk must use the same asset labels")
+        aligned = groups.reindex(self.component.index)
+        if aligned.isna().any():
+            raise ValueError("groups must contain a non-missing label for every asset")
+        grouped = self.component.groupby(aligned, sort=True).sum()
+        grouped.name = "component_risk"
+        return grouped
+
 
 def _validate_inputs(weights: NDArray[Any], cov: NDArray[Any]) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[Any]]:
     """Normalize a portfolio vector and its covariance matrix."""
@@ -59,3 +96,70 @@ def component_var(weights: NDArray[Any], cov: NDArray[Any]) -> NDArray[Any]:
     """成分方差: w_i · (Σw)_i; 与 RC 的关系 RC_i = CV_i / w'Σw。"""
     w, cov = _validate_inputs(weights, cov)
     return w * (cov @ w)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+def labeled_component_risk(
+    weights: pd.Series,
+    covariance: pd.DataFrame,
+) -> ComponentRiskResult:
+    """Return a label-safe Euler decomposition that sums to portfolio volatility.
+
+    The covariance matrix may use a different asset order, but its row and
+    column label sets must exactly match ``weights``.  Invalid or indefinite
+    covariance input is rejected instead of silently producing misleading risk
+    percentages.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(weights, pd.Series):
+        raise TypeError("weights must be a pandas Series")
+    if not isinstance(covariance, pd.DataFrame):
+        raise TypeError("covariance must be a pandas DataFrame")
+    if weights.empty:
+        raise ValueError("weights must contain at least one asset")
+    if not weights.index.is_unique:
+        raise ValueError("weights must contain unique asset labels")
+    if not covariance.index.is_unique or not covariance.columns.is_unique:
+        raise ValueError("covariance must contain unique asset labels")
+    if not weights.index.difference(covariance.index).empty or not covariance.index.difference(
+        weights.index
+    ).empty:
+        raise ValueError("weights and covariance must use the same asset labels")
+    if not weights.index.difference(covariance.columns).empty or not covariance.columns.difference(
+        weights.index
+    ).empty:
+        raise ValueError("weights and covariance must use the same asset labels")
+
+    aligned_weights = weights.astype(float, copy=True)
+    aligned_covariance = covariance.reindex(
+        index=weights.index,
+        columns=weights.index,
+    ).astype(float, copy=True)
+    weight_values = aligned_weights.to_numpy()
+    covariance_values = aligned_covariance.to_numpy()
+    if not np.isfinite(weight_values).all():
+        raise ValueError("weights must be finite")
+    if not np.isfinite(covariance_values).all():
+        raise ValueError("covariance must be finite")
+    if not np.allclose(covariance_values, covariance_values.T, rtol=1e-10, atol=1e-12):
+        raise ValueError("covariance must be symmetric")
+    eigenvalues = np.linalg.eigvalsh(covariance_values)
+    scale = max(1.0, float(np.max(np.abs(eigenvalues))))
+    if float(eigenvalues.min()) < -1e-10 * scale:
+        raise ValueError("covariance must be positive semidefinite")
+
+    portfolio_variance = float(weight_values @ covariance_values @ weight_values)
+    if portfolio_variance <= 0 or not np.isfinite(portfolio_variance):
+        raise ValueError("weights and covariance must produce positive portfolio variance")
+    portfolio_volatility = float(np.sqrt(portfolio_variance))
+    marginal_values = covariance_values @ weight_values / portfolio_volatility
+    component_values = weight_values * marginal_values
+    percentage_values = component_values / portfolio_volatility
+    return ComponentRiskResult(
+        portfolio_volatility=portfolio_volatility,
+        marginal=pd.Series(marginal_values, index=weights.index.copy(), name="marginal_risk"),
+        component=pd.Series(component_values, index=weights.index.copy(), name="component_risk"),
+        percentage=pd.Series(
+            percentage_values,
+            index=weights.index.copy(),
+            name="risk_contribution",
+        ),
+    )

tests/test_attribution.py

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+"""Post-execution return attribution contracts."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pytest
+
+from quant_engine.attribution import DailyReturnAttribution
+from quant_engine.execution import ExecutionConfig
+from quant_engine.research_pipeline import run_factor_backtest_research
+
+
+def _zero_cost_config() -> ExecutionConfig:
+    return ExecutionConfig(
+        commission_bps=0,
+        stamp_tax_bps=0,
+        slippage_bps=0,
+        min_trade_amount=0,
+    )
+
+
+def test_daily_attribution_closes_across_rebalance_and_holding_days() -> None:
+    """开盘换仓时，隔夜和日内贡献必须来自实际换仓前后持仓。"""
+    dates = pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=4, freq="B")
+    scores = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [2.0, 0.0], "B": [1.0, 3.0]},
+        index=dates[:2],
+    )
+    opens = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [10.0, 10.0, 15.0, 15.0], "B": [20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 21.0]},
+        index=dates,
+    )
+    closes = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 15.0], "B": [20.0, 20.0, 18.0, 21.0]},
+        index=dates,
+    )
+    result = run_factor_backtest_research(
+        scores,
+        opens,
+        closes,
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        valuation_price_field="close",
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=_zero_cost_config(),
+    )
+
+    attribution = result.return_attribution()
+
+    assert isinstance(attribution, DailyReturnAttribution)
+    assert attribution.overnight.loc[dates[2], "A"] == pytest.approx(0.25)
+    assert attribution.intraday.loc[dates[2], "B"] == pytest.approx(-0.125)
+    assert attribution.asset_contributions.loc[dates[3], "B"] == pytest.approx(1 / 6)
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        attribution.total_return,
+        result.returns.rename("total_return"),
+    )
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        attribution.explained_return + attribution.residual,
+        attribution.total_return,
+        check_names=False,
+    )
+    assert attribution.residual.abs().max() < 1e-12
+
+
+def test_daily_attribution_reports_execution_cost_separately() -> None:
+    dates = pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=3, freq="B")
+    scores = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0]}, index=dates[:1])
+    prices = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10.0, 10.0, 10.0]}, index=dates)
+    config = ExecutionConfig(
+        commission_bps=10,
+        stamp_tax_bps=0,
+        slippage_bps=10,
+        min_trade_amount=0,
+    )
+    result = run_factor_backtest_research(
+        scores,
+        prices,
+        prices,
+        top_k=1,
+        gross_exposure=0.5,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        valuation_price_field="close",
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+    attribution = result.return_attribution()
+    execution = result.execution.daily_executions[1].executions[0]
+
+    assert attribution.asset_contributions.loc[dates[1], "A"] == 0.0
+    assert attribution.transaction_cost.loc[dates[1]] == pytest.approx(
+        -execution.total_cost / 1_000.0
+    )
+    assert attribution.total_return.loc[dates[1]] == pytest.approx(
+        attribution.transaction_cost.loc[dates[1]]
+    )
+    assert attribution.residual.loc[dates[1]] == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=1e-12)
+
+
+def test_return_attribution_is_empty_for_empty_research_result() -> None:
+    dates = pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=3, freq="B")
+    scores = pd.DataFrame(columns=["A"], index=pd.DatetimeIndex([]), dtype=float)
+    prices = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10.0, 10.0, 10.0]}, index=dates)
+    result = run_factor_backtest_research(
+        scores,
+        prices,
+        prices,
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        valuation_price_field="close",
+    )
+
+    attribution = result.return_attribution()
+
+    assert attribution.overnight.empty
+    assert attribution.intraday.empty
+    assert attribution.total_return.empty

tests/test_execution.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from quant_engine.execution import (
     compute_realized_pnl,
     run_end_to_end_poc,
     simulate_execution,
+    simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit,
     simulate_multi_day,
     simulate_multi_day_with_audit,
     simulate_with_daily_data,
@@ -470,6 +471,176 @@ def test_simulate_multi_day_with_audit_requires_matching_dates():
         )
 
 
+# ── 逐交易日 Ledger：成交时点与估值时点分离 ─────────────────
+
+
+def test_daily_ledger_marks_every_session_after_sparse_open_execution() -> None:
+    """下一日开盘成交后，应按每日收盘价持续盯市，而非只记录调仓日。"""
+    config = ExecutionConfig(
+        commission_bps=0,
+        stamp_tax_bps=0,
+        slippage_bps=0,
+        min_trade_amount=0,
+    )
+
+    result = simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit(
+        target_weights_history=[("d1", {"A": 1.0})],
+        execution_price_history=[("d1", {"A": 10.0})],
+        valuation_price_history=[
+            ("d0", {"A": 9.0}),
+            ("d1", {"A": 11.0}),
+            ("d2", {"A": 12.0}),
+        ],
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+    assert [position.date for position in result.positions] == ["d0", "d1", "d2"]
+    assert [position.portfolio_value for position in result.positions] == pytest.approx(
+        [1_000.0, 1_100.0, 1_200.0]
+    )
+    assert [len(day.executions) for day in result.daily_executions] == [0, 1, 0]
+    fill = result.daily_executions[1].executions[0]
+    assert fill.side == "buy"
+    assert fill.quantity == pytest.approx(100.0)
+    assert fill.price == pytest.approx(10.0)
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        result.normalized_nav_series,
+        pd.Series([1.0, 1.1, 1.2], index=["d0", "d1", "d2"], dtype=float),
+    )
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        result.daily_returns,
+        pd.Series([0.0, 0.1, 1.2 / 1.1 - 1.0], index=["d0", "d1", "d2"]),
+    )
+
+
+def test_daily_ledger_first_session_cost_reduces_first_return() -> None:
+    """首个估值日发生交易时，费用必须进入相对初始资金的首日收益。"""
+    result = simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit(
+        target_weights_history=[("d0", {"A": 1.0})],
+        execution_price_history=[("d0", {"A": 10.0})],
+        valuation_price_history=[("d0", {"A": 10.0})],
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+    )
+
+    assert result.total_costs > 0
+    assert result.daily_returns.iloc[0] == pytest.approx(
+        result.final_portfolio_value / result.initial_cash - 1.0
+    )
+    assert result.daily_returns.iloc[0] < 0
+
+
+def test_daily_ledger_nav_is_rebuildable_and_trades_are_projectable() -> None:
+    """Ledger 必须同时支持现金守恒校验和平台成交表投影。"""
+    config = ExecutionConfig(
+        commission_bps=0,
+        stamp_tax_bps=0,
+        slippage_bps=0,
+        min_trade_amount=0,
+    )
+    result = simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit(
+        target_weights_history=[
+            ("d1", {"A": 1.0, "B": 0.0}),
+            ("d2", {"A": 0.0, "B": 1.0}),
+        ],
+        execution_price_history=[
+            ("d1", {"A": 10.0, "B": 20.0}),
+            ("d2", {"A": 11.0, "B": 22.0}),
+        ],
+        valuation_price_history=[
+            ("d0", {"A": 9.0, "B": 19.0}),
+            ("d1", {"A": 10.5, "B": 21.0}),
+            ("d2", {"A": 12.0, "B": 24.0}),
+        ],
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+    close_prices = {
+        "d0": {"A": 9.0, "B": 19.0},
+        "d1": {"A": 10.5, "B": 21.0},
+        "d2": {"A": 12.0, "B": 24.0},
+    }
+    for position in result.positions:
+        rebuilt = position.cash + sum(
+            shares * close_prices[position.date][asset]
+            for asset, shares in position.holdings.items()
+        )
+        assert position.portfolio_value == pytest.approx(rebuilt)
+
+    trades = result.trades_frame
+    assert trades.columns.tolist() == [
+        "trade_date",
+        "ts_code",
+        "side",
+        "qty",
+        "price",
+        "amount",
+        "fee",
+        "slippage",
+    ]
+    assert trades["side"].tolist() == ["buy", "sell", "buy"]
+    assert (trades["qty"] > 0).all()
+
+
+def test_daily_ledger_frame_matches_platform_projection_contract() -> None:
+    """核心层输出稳定日频投影，但不携带 run_id 或执行数据库写入。"""
+    config = ExecutionConfig(
+        commission_bps=0,
+        stamp_tax_bps=0,
+        slippage_bps=0,
+        min_trade_amount=0,
+    )
+    result = simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit(
+        target_weights_history=[("d1", {"A": 1.0})],
+        execution_price_history=[("d1", {"A": 10.0})],
+        valuation_price_history=[
+            ("d0", {"A": 9.0}),
+            ("d1", {"A": 11.0}),
+            ("d2", {"A": 12.0}),
+        ],
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+    ledger = result.ledger_frame
+
+    assert ledger.columns.tolist() == [
+        "trade_date",
+        "portfolio_value",
+        "nav",
+        "pnl",
+        "pnl_pct",
+        "position_value",
+        "cash",
+        "turnover",
+    ]
+    assert ledger["trade_date"].tolist() == ["d0", "d1", "d2"]
+    assert ledger["nav"].tolist() == pytest.approx([1.0, 1.1, 1.2])
+    assert ledger["pnl"].tolist() == pytest.approx([0.0, 100.0, 100.0])
+    assert ledger["pnl_pct"].tolist() == pytest.approx([0.0, 0.1, 1.2 / 1.1 - 1.0])
+    assert ledger["position_value"].tolist() == pytest.approx([0.0, 1_100.0, 1_200.0])
+    assert ledger["cash"].tolist() == pytest.approx([1_000.0, 0.0, 0.0])
+    assert ledger["turnover"].tolist() == pytest.approx([0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
+
+
+def test_daily_ledger_rejects_missing_close_for_held_asset() -> None:
+    """已有持仓缺少收盘估值价时必须 fail closed。"""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="missing valuation price for held asset A"):
+        simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit(
+            target_weights_history=[("d0", {"A": 1.0})],
+            execution_price_history=[("d0", {"A": 10.0})],
+            valuation_price_history=[("d0", {"A": 10.0}), ("d1", {})],
+            initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        )
+
+
+def test_daily_ledger_requires_positive_initial_cash() -> None:
+    """可信收益曲线需要正初始资金作为归一化基准。"""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="initial_cash must be positive"):
+        simulate_daily_ledger_with_audit([], [], [], initial_cash=0.0)
+
+
 # ── v1.2.0 Phase 1：端到端 POC（run_end_to_end_poc） ─────
 
 

tests/test_metrics.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from quant_engine.metrics import (
     TRADING_DAYS_PER_YEAR,
     annualized_return,
     annualized_volatility,
+    benchmark_summary,
     calmar_ratio,
     max_drawdown,
     sharpe_ratio,
@@ -91,3 +92,50 @@ def test_short_and_empty_series_return_zero() -> None:
     assert annualized_volatility(pd.Series([0.01])) == 0.0
     assert max_drawdown(pd.Series([0.01])) == 0.0
     assert win_rate(pd.Series(dtype=float)) == 0.0
+
+
+def test_benchmark_summary_uses_aligned_active_returns_and_regression() -> None:
+    dates = pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=4, freq="B")
+    benchmark = pd.Series([-0.01, 0.0, 0.01, 0.02], index=dates)
+    portfolio = 0.001 + 1.5 * benchmark
+    active = portfolio - benchmark
+
+    result = benchmark_summary(portfolio, benchmark)
+
+    assert result["n_observations"] == 4
+    assert result["tracking_error"] == pytest.approx(
+        active.std() * np.sqrt(TRADING_DAYS_PER_YEAR)
+    )
+    assert result["information_ratio"] == pytest.approx(
+        active.mean() / active.std() * np.sqrt(TRADING_DAYS_PER_YEAR)
+    )
+    assert result["beta"] == pytest.approx(1.5)
+    assert result["alpha"] == pytest.approx(1.001**TRADING_DAYS_PER_YEAR - 1.0)
+
+
+def test_benchmark_summary_rejects_silent_calendar_alignment() -> None:
+    portfolio = pd.Series([0.01, 0.02], index=pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=2))
+    benchmark = pd.Series([0.01, 0.02], index=pd.date_range("2026-01-06", periods=2))
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="matching indexes"):
+        benchmark_summary(portfolio, benchmark)
+
+
+def test_benchmark_summary_rejects_missing_observations() -> None:
+    dates = pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=2)
+    portfolio = pd.Series([0.01, np.nan], index=dates)
+    benchmark = pd.Series([0.0, 0.01], index=dates)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="finite"):
+        benchmark_summary(portfolio, benchmark)
+
+
+def test_benchmark_summary_marks_constant_benchmark_regression_unestimable() -> None:
+    dates = pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=3)
+    portfolio = pd.Series([0.01, -0.01, 0.02], index=dates)
+    benchmark = pd.Series([0.0, 0.0, 0.0], index=dates)
+
+    result = benchmark_summary(portfolio, benchmark)
+
+    assert np.isnan(result["alpha"])
+    assert np.isnan(result["beta"])

tests/test_research_pipeline.py

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ import pytest
 
 from quant_engine.execution import ExecutionConfig
 from quant_engine.research_pipeline import (
+    FactorBacktestResult,
     FactorExecutionResult,
     TargetWeightSchedule,
+    run_factor_backtest_research,
     run_factor_execution_research,
     schedule_target_weights,
 )
@@ -149,3 +151,186 @@ def test_factor_execution_research_accepts_empty_scores() -> None:
 
     assert result.schedule.execution_weights.empty
     assert result.execution.positions == ()
+
+
+def test_factor_backtest_research_runs_signal_to_daily_performance_without_lookahead() -> None:
+    """信号日保持现金，下一日开盘成交后才参与当日收盘收益。"""
+    dates = _calendar()
+    scores = pd.DataFrame({"A": [2.0], "B": [1.0]}, index=dates[:1])
+    opens = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [1.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0], "B": [1.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0]},
+        index=dates,
+    )
+    closes = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [500.0, 11.0, 12.0, 12.0], "B": [500.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0]},
+        index=dates,
+    )
+    config = ExecutionConfig(
+        commission_bps=0,
+        stamp_tax_bps=0,
+        slippage_bps=0,
+        min_trade_amount=0,
+    )
+
+    result = run_factor_backtest_research(
+        scores,
+        execution_prices=opens,
+        valuation_prices=closes,
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        valuation_price_field="close",
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(result, FactorBacktestResult)
+    assert result.execution_price_field == "open"
+    assert result.valuation_price_field == "close"
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        result.nav,
+        pd.Series([1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.2], index=dates, name="nav"),
+    )
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        result.returns,
+        pd.Series([0.0, 0.1, 1.2 / 1.1 - 1.0, 0.0], index=dates, name="returns"),
+    )
+    assert result.stats()["n_days"] == 4
+    assert result.execution.daily_executions[0].executions == ()
+    assert result.execution.daily_executions[1].executions[0].price == 10.0
+
+
+def test_factor_backtest_result_snapshots_both_price_semantics() -> None:
+    scores = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0]}, index=_calendar()[:1])
+    opens = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0]}, index=_calendar())
+    closes = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0]}, index=_calendar())
+
+    result = run_factor_backtest_research(
+        scores,
+        execution_prices=opens,
+        valuation_prices=closes,
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        valuation_price_field="close",
+    )
+    opens.iloc[1, 0] = 999.0
+    closes.iloc[1, 0] = 999.0
+
+    assert result.execution_prices.iloc[1, 0] == 10.0
+    assert result.valuation_prices.iloc[1, 0] == 11.0
+
+
+def test_factor_backtest_research_requires_matching_daily_calendars() -> None:
+    scores = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0]}, index=_calendar()[:1])
+    opens = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0]}, index=_calendar())
+    closes = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10.0, 11.0, 12.0]}, index=_calendar()[:3])
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="matching trading calendars"):
+        run_factor_backtest_research(
+            scores,
+            execution_prices=opens,
+            valuation_prices=closes,
+            top_k=1,
+            execution_price_field="open",
+            valuation_price_field="close",
+        )
+
+
+def test_factor_backtest_starts_at_first_signal_instead_of_price_warmup() -> None:
+    """因子预热行情不能作为空仓日混入研究绩效区间。"""
+    dates = pd.date_range("2026-01-05", periods=5, freq="B")
+    scores = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0]}, index=dates[2:3])
+    opens = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 10.0, 10.0]}, index=dates)
+    closes = pd.DataFrame({"A": [100.0, 200.0, 300.0, 11.0, 12.0]}, index=dates)
+    config = ExecutionConfig(
+        commission_bps=0,
+        stamp_tax_bps=0,
+        slippage_bps=0,
+        min_trade_amount=0,
+    )
+
+    result = run_factor_backtest_research(
+        scores,
+        execution_prices=opens,
+        valuation_prices=closes,
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        valuation_price_field="close",
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+    assert result.nav.index.equals(dates[2:])
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        result.nav,
+        pd.Series([1.0, 1.1, 1.2], index=dates[2:], name="nav"),
+    )
+    assert result.stats()["n_days"] == 3
+
+
+def test_factor_backtest_exposes_net_benchmark_metrics() -> None:
+    dates = _calendar()
+    scores = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0]}, index=dates[:1])
+    prices = pd.DataFrame({"A": [10.0, 10.0, 11.0, 11.0]}, index=dates)
+    result = run_factor_backtest_research(
+        scores,
+        prices,
+        prices,
+        top_k=1,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        valuation_price_field="close",
+        config=ExecutionConfig(
+            commission_bps=0,
+            stamp_tax_bps=0,
+            slippage_bps=0,
+            min_trade_amount=0,
+        ),
+    )
+    benchmark = pd.Series([0.0, 0.01, -0.01, 0.0], index=dates)
+
+    relative = result.benchmark_stats(benchmark)
+
+    assert relative["n_observations"] == len(result.returns)
+    assert relative["tracking_error"] > 0
+
+
+def test_factor_backtest_projects_actual_close_weights_from_ledger() -> None:
+    dates = _calendar()
+    scores = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1.0], "B": [0.0]}, index=dates[:1])
+    opens = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0], "B": [20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0]},
+        index=dates,
+    )
+    closes = pd.DataFrame(
+        {"A": [10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 12.0], "B": [20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0]},
+        index=dates,
+    )
+    result = run_factor_backtest_research(
+        scores,
+        opens,
+        closes,
+        top_k=1,
+        gross_exposure=0.5,
+        execution_price_field="open",
+        valuation_price_field="close",
+        initial_cash=1_000.0,
+        config=ExecutionConfig(
+            commission_bps=0,
+            stamp_tax_bps=0,
+            slippage_bps=0,
+            min_trade_amount=0,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    weights = result.position_weights
+    cash = result.cash_weights
+
+    assert weights.index.equals(result.nav.index)
+    assert weights.columns.tolist() == ["A", "B"]
+    assert weights.loc[dates[0]].sum() == 0.0
+    assert cash.loc[dates[0]] == 1.0
+    assert weights.loc[dates[1], "A"] == pytest.approx(550.0 / 1_050.0)
+    pd.testing.assert_series_equal(
+        weights.sum(axis=1) + cash,
+        pd.Series(1.0, index=dates),
+        check_names=False,
+    )

tests/test_risk.py

@@ -3,9 +3,16 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 
-from quant_engine.risk import component_var, marginal_risk_contribution, risk_contribution
+from quant_engine.risk import (
+    ComponentRiskResult,
+    component_var,
+    labeled_component_risk,
+    marginal_risk_contribution,
+    risk_contribution,
+)
 
 
 def test_risk_contribution_sums_to_one_for_positive_portfolio_variance() -> None:
@@ -52,3 +59,61 @@ def test_risk_functions_reject_covariance_shape_mismatch(function) -> None:
 def test_risk_functions_reject_empty_portfolio(function) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="at least one asset"):
         function(np.array([]), np.empty((0, 0)))
+
+
+def test_labeled_component_risk_aligns_covariance_and_closes_to_volatility() -> None:
+    weights = pd.Series({"A": 0.25, "B": 0.75}, name="weight")
+    covariance = pd.DataFrame(
+        [[0.09, 0.01], [0.01, 0.04]],
+        index=["B", "A"],
+        columns=["B", "A"],
+    )
+
+    result = labeled_component_risk(weights, covariance)
+
+    aligned = covariance.reindex(index=weights.index, columns=weights.index)
+    expected_volatility = float(np.sqrt(weights @ aligned @ weights))
+    assert isinstance(result, ComponentRiskResult)
+    assert result.component.index.tolist() == ["A", "B"]
+    assert result.portfolio_volatility == pytest.approx(expected_volatility)
+    assert result.component.sum() == pytest.approx(expected_volatility)
+    assert result.percentage.sum() == pytest.approx(1.0)
+
+
+def test_component_risk_groups_actual_asset_contributions_by_label() -> None:
+    weights = pd.Series({"A": 0.2, "B": 0.3, "C": 0.5})
+    covariance = pd.DataFrame(np.diag([0.04, 0.09, 0.16]), index=weights.index, columns=weights.index)
+    groups = pd.Series({"C": "growth", "A": "value", "B": "value"})
+
+    result = labeled_component_risk(weights, covariance)
+    grouped = result.grouped_component(groups)
+
+    assert grouped.index.tolist() == ["growth", "value"]
+    assert grouped.loc["value"] == pytest.approx(
+        result.component.loc["A"] + result.component.loc["B"]
+    )
+    assert grouped.sum() == pytest.approx(result.portfolio_volatility)
+
+
+def test_labeled_component_risk_rejects_asset_label_mismatch() -> None:
+    weights = pd.Series({"A": 0.5, "B": 0.5})
+    covariance = pd.DataFrame(np.eye(2), index=["A", "C"], columns=["A", "C"])
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="same asset labels"):
+        labeled_component_risk(weights, covariance)
+
+
+def test_labeled_component_risk_rejects_invalid_covariance() -> None:
+    weights = pd.Series({"A": 0.5, "B": 0.5})
+    asymmetric = pd.DataFrame([[1.0, 0.2], [0.1, 1.0]], index=weights.index, columns=weights.index)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="symmetric"):
+        labeled_component_risk(weights, asymmetric)
+
+
+def test_labeled_component_risk_rejects_zero_variance_portfolio() -> None:
+    weights = pd.Series({"A": 0.5, "B": 0.5})
+    covariance = pd.DataFrame(np.zeros((2, 2)), index=weights.index, columns=weights.index)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="positive portfolio variance"):
+        labeled_component_risk(weights, covariance)